Human Resource Management And Organizational Development

This assignment will briefly discuss the role of human resource in an organisational development, and how it assists the organisations to achieve their ultimate goal. It also looks at the various stages of human resource and how each and every stage of human resource plays vital role of that organisation for achieving its desired destination. Human resource management is important tool that every organisation can’t dispense without using it; it’s a vehicle that transports ideas of the organisation’s top leaders to their employees, in order to perform well in very competitive world. Organisations need to improve their image and their services to reach the maximum customers and satisfy their infinite human needs, to do so human resource management must be a policy and tool to use for organisational development. HRM enable the organizations to predict and analyses their workforce for future strategy. As things keep changing every day and nothing is more reliable than having a good plan in that circumstance. Organisations need a plan to fight off the uncertainty surrounding them. They need a plan for staffing, development and delivering their service without using human resource management, it’s impossible to achieve those goals. What is human resource management? Human resource management is a functional department that concerns recruiting, training and retaining the staff for an organisation. HRM is the process that an organisation undertakes to manage its humanShow MoreRelatedTraining Needs Assessment, Evaluation, Success, And Organizational Strategy And Effectiveness1035 Words   |  5 Pages1. Anderson, J.E. (2000). Training needs assessment, evaluation, success, and organizational strategy and effectiveness: An exploration of the relationships. (Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University. Logan, UT). 2. Appelbaum, S.H., Ayre, H. Shapiro, B.T. (2002). 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Attitude and Appreciation of the Natural World in Gerard...

Attitude and Appreciation of the Natural World in Gerard Manley Hopkins and Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Poetry The simple beauty of nature is an aspect many of us take for granted in our everyday lives - the endearing sounds of birds welcoming another day and the powerful gush of a waterfall being some examples of these. But there are those individuals who have endeavoured to fully comprehend the marvellous complexity of the world around us. Such findings are present in the work of many poets - namely Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 - 1889)and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1808 - 1882). Hopkins and Longfellow were two contemporary poets from the nineteenth century from different cultures, English and†¦show more content†¦The poem Snowflakesby Longfellow is also an expression of the poets attitude to and appreciation of the natural world. In it Longfellow describes in minute detail the subtle beauty of a single snowflake and makes us more aware not only of snow, but of the other small things surrounding us, making us realise their importance. Both poems acknowledge existence and power of a creator. In Pied Beauty a song of praise is presented in the first line of the poems triumphant, alliterative opening stanza, as Glory be to Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ immediately places Hopkins appreciation of the beauty of the natural world in a religious context. Also as the poem concludes with the exhortation Praise him it is clear that the piece is deliberately framed as a Christian hymn of thanksgiving for the infinite variety in nature. The opening line also introduces the poems theme: dappled things and this is the first of many adjectives describing parti-coloured natural elements. Snowflakes on the other hand opens with an altogether more maternal aspect of nature although the acknowledgement of a powerful creator is still present: Out of the bosomof the Air Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken This personification of the female form creates a Mother Earth type figure that I feel Longfellow used to successfully communicate his love and understanding of all things

Statement of Superannuation and Retirement Advice

Question: Describe about the Statement of Superannuation and Retirement Advice. Answer: Graham and Anna, you did ask for my advice concerning your retirement targets, how achievable they are, and implementable strategies to ensure that the target is achieved. You also seek to know the working of your superannuation funds which offers retirement incomes in the form of account-based pensions and their viability among other important financial aspects. Throughout the document, I am going to provide the financial planning you should take to ensure that by the time you are retiring, you will need enough funds to cater for your personal welfare. The statement discussed below known as the Statement of Advice (SOA) has a full explanation of my advice. Summary of my advice Why my advice is appropriate In the world of investment, the investors are faced with a major challenge of future uncertainty (Agnew at el, 2005, p. 66). Similarly, the business field is a major victim of the unpredictable predicaments. To overcome both predictable and unpredictable risks, businesses settle for the insurance cover (Agnew, 2002, p. 22). Likewise, having an appropriate insurance in place ensures that you and your family are fully covered in serious situations like either of you falling sick or dying of getting fatal injuries (Aguiar and Erik, 2003, p. 39). The above-recommended investments suitably fit your retirement plans as you are also investors ready to make risks to given amounts. You also still have the option to withdraw your money from the investments whenever the need arises. Risks in my advice All the managed funds which include the ones I have recommended to you come along with risks. These are investments which are far much different from having money in the bank (Brown, at el. 2007, p. 45). They have associated fluctuating risks by which their values might rise or fall uncontrollably depending on the market forces. Alternatively, investment risk may be a major concern for your investment (Brigitte at el., 2007, p. 250). Money markets operate in the ever-changing environment and hence and hazardous impact on the nation economic and growth, and development of the nation may have a critical effect on the fluctuating interest rates (Choi at el., 2001, p. 23) What my advice doesnt cover? Trauma insurance where there are lump sum payments on the diagnosis of certain defined illnesses or injuries, the general needs of your insurance requirements (Cogan, 2003, p. 155). For example, insurance covering the car or house, the adequacy of your retirements, all the general issues related to taxation and all the extra money you will have readily at hand. Furthermore, it is also important to introduce the risk of death at this point (Bodie at el. 2007, p. 46). As human beings we are mortal, and thus we can't predict our personal life span. Therefore, engaging in the retirement investment plan may be risky as we may benefit our next of kin instead of benefiting ourselves. Fees and commissions Next and Final Steps Before you decide on whether to follow my advice, you need to consider the following issues. Make sure that you fully understand my advice and ask all the necessary questions. You should also complete the procedural authority found at the end of the document before returning it to me. Again, you should ascertain whether my advice is in line with your retirement investment plan (Ferruz at el. 2009, p. 13). In the case of any deviation from your plans, it will be wise and appropriate to seek for clarification without any further go ahead (Huberman and Paul, 2004, p.420). Note we first met two months ago after a referral by one of my clients. At the meeting we had, you made a request that I prepare for you a statement of advice which specifically addresses your goals and objectives. In addition, you also informed me that I address issues like; If you should establish an SMSF and the advantages and disadvantages of doing so. If it also would assist in accumulating wealth meant for your retirement plan and the benefits that the SMSF posses over your funds. My view concerning your continued investment in residential property, coupled up with the negative gearing to build retirement wealth. Further insight, you wanted to know the viable options which you can consider with your residential property given their current poor performance. Graham also wanted to know about the rules about an incidence he heard that there would be no capital gains tax if he rents his family home for a short period. You also wanted to know about superannuation beneficiary nominations as you had never heard of it and had therefore never made any nominations to benefit from the same. You also asked to be advised on the suitable superannuation fund which can accept Grahams rollover benefits from both employer and voluntary contributions. In addition, you also want to know what you can do with his redundancy package. You want to know how much to contribute in your superannuation after Anna heard from a local radio about the importance of saving for retirement. In line with this development, she also wants to know if she should continue using Care Super as her major superannuation fund. By having insurance policies both within and outside the superannuation, you want to know the issues associated with having both options (DeRoon, at el., 2001, p. 725) Also; you want to know if it is of more advantage to incorporate all the policies you need through your superannuation funds. You also seek advice concerning aged care and Marie's income cash flow as soon as she moves into the nursing home. You seek to get informed about the calculations of the fees, implications on her age pension, and how she can finance the refundable accommodation deposits (Hancock, 2002, p. 46). You also did want to know an approximation of the amount her age pension will receive once she enters the facility (Lusardi, 2008, p. 42) Section 1: Important information about the Suttons Background Information. A couple of Mr. and Mrs. Graham Sutton has been married for the past 26 years blessed with two children, named Sam and Jodie of ages 15 and 13 respectively. During the period, with Mr. Graham as the sole breadwinner, the couple managed to gather an impressive amount of assets comprising of buildings and also includes a joint online bank account at St George which has $150000. In her Colonial First State Index Australian Share Fund, Anna has $31000. On his current job position, Mr. Graham has $370000 at the BlueScope super fund at the balanced profile. At another account with the Care Super Industry Fund of the - conservative balanced option, Anna did manage to save up to $43000. Under Graham's name, the couple owns three industrial properties. One in Brisbane has a current face value of $445000 after having been acquired through a loan valued at $340000. The second property is the Unit 1 located on the Gold Coast with a net value of $155000 after having been acquired at a loan of $135000. The last property is the Unit 2 still at the Gold Coast valued at $245000 got from a loan of $205000. The joint family's home at Wollongong has a face value of $685000 got at a loan of $217000. Graham also owns a personal car valued at $25000. The total value of the contents in the home has a value of $65000 owned jointly by the couple. Through estimation, Graham will make an annual income of up to $195000 whereas Annes income will add up to $52000. Through the income garnered by renting out the industrial property, Graham will have a compounded annual income of $69000. As from the interest income, both the Suttons will have an equal income of $25000. Annas managed fund income will bring in a total of $15000 annually. Coming in at par with the incomes, the couple will also make expenses in various situations including an expected annual rent of $33800 at their new residence in Perth before purchasing a home of their own. Secondly, the annual living expenses will add up to a total of $42000 while their planned holiday expenses will cost $1000. A combination of the four industrial properties inclusive of the family home will have deductible outgoings in the form of interests adding up to a total of $44000. Their childrens education will cost them #20000 while motor vehicle costs and life insurance costs will be $3000 and $5200 respectively. Below is a graph showing the details clearly. Details of the estimated annual gross income Graham Anna Gross salary income $195000 $52000 Gross rental income $6900 Interest income $2500 $2500 Managed fund income. $1550 Total $266500 $56050 Goals and Objectives When it comes to finances it always suitable and secure to set financial goals and objectives (Lusardi and Beeler, 2008, p. 276). Similarly, retirement planning involves the planning for objectives and goals the available funds and how they can be invested to generate future cash inflows (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2007, p. 156). The Suttons have valid considerations for their goals and objectives which mostly feature on the retirement plan. For instance, Mr. Graham Sutton has already agreed to take up a new employment opportunity as a site manager at Pilbara Port Corporation, WA. This new opportunity comes barely two weeks after the end of the previous position he held at the BlueScope Steel in Wollongong, NSW where he currently is the senior mining engineer. At the new position, he has plans to offer his services for an extra nine more years before fully effecting the retirement. On retrenchment at his current working station, he will earn up to a total of $175000 as retirement benefits after deduction of all tax requirements. Secondly, the new position as the site manager at the new working station will see him earn up to $195000 which includes superannuation of 9.5%. On the other hand, his wife Mrs. Ann Sutton initially had a secretarial job but left it willingly so as to fully devote herself to taking care of the children and the whole family at home, but now is back to the workforce after managing to secure herself a part-time job in Perth. Her new role as a personal assistant will play an important part to the All Brains Inc. She will report directly to the training and development manager at the firm. In a period of three months time, she will be trading her expertise at the entity earning a net salary of $52000 per year which includes the superannuation of 9.50%. According to research by an analyst at the Investment Trends in 2012, whenever there is prolonged decrease in the proceeds garnered by markets, the SMSF shows instantaneous spike or increase in the number of the self-managed super funds (Xiao, 2014, p. 165). In respect to the retirement plan which you are working on, I would advise that you don't switch from the already set plan. Income you will earn from your respective jobs, and the rent gained from the industrial apartments is more reliable, and you are certain of it as compared to the SMSF which is dependent on the market forces. The only advantage the SMSF has over your funds is the fact that you can buy or sell assets much quickly (Weber, 2012, p. 14). This ability is because the SMSF members can quickly and easily exchange assets among themselves (Villamil at el. 2006, p. 1002). Funds can sometimes turn out frustrating due to the lag between the availability of the investments and the actual implementation (Rooij at el. 2007, p. 87). The second concern was about your continued investment in the industrial property. Such assets are beneficial in the long run because of their continuous appreciation over time (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2000, p. 10). Long term investments match with your retirement plans whereby it is more of an investment whose gains are felt much later (Olivia at el. 2007, p. 82). Based on the analysis of the poor property performance currently, I advise that you make the necessary developments and improvements on the buildings. You can build additional recreational features like building swimming pools or building a play center like a tennis court or external bar. These features are some of the major factors that attract clients increasing the demand and eventually the overall market value. In response to Grahams query about what he heard that there are no capital gain tax if he rents out the family home for a short of time is true, but there are conditions to be adhered to for effective application of the same. The Australian rules concerning homes state that you are exempted from the Capital Gains Tax (CGT) if the property was your main residence since when you acquired it. On moving out, you can only claim exemption from the CGT for only up to six years after leaving (Potocnik at el. 2013, p. 173). So for your case, with your estimated plan of working for an extra nine years before retirement, you will have to pay the tax for the last three years as you will only avoid it for the first six years. Every individual needs to choose a beneficiary to gain from the superannuation; it is an example of a will. Apart from making one another the beneficiary after one of you passes on, you still need to appoint the next beneficiary after you both die. In matters related to the superannuation funds, Graham's rollover benefits which he did earn from his personal and employer contributions at his current employment position are resources you can use for any financial requirements. Therefore, I advise the usage of the available funds for further development of industrial apartments. This will raise their standards and market value. In addition to those earnings, you can also add the redundancy package to increase the funds available for a more large scale program. How appropriate of my advice is to you Personal insurance is of great importance to you because it ensures financial protection over your current lifestyle and situation in case anything happens to you. Additionally, saving with the investment schemes is a noble idea as it will ensure you have an alternative source of income in the event your investment fails to generate the expected returns. Disadvantages associated with my advice Consequences due to the replacement of one financial product with another. This brings the aspect of opportunity cost whereby you have to undertake a certain investment at the expense of the other. The forgone viable product may be more income generating than the undertaken one. About the indication of desiring to have limited risks on your money but increasing it, I would propose that you venture in managed funds as they can yield higher returns in the long though this perception is not fully guaranteed. Despite the fact that managed funds have associated risks due to the genetic diversification of the funds, the risks are not as high. Increasing the number of investments also further helps in reducing the risks because in case one investment performs poorly, there are others to get back to. The value you hold at the managed funds is subject to change at any time of the day or night and can fall. Certain accounts like your joint savings account are more stable on the daily basis activities. Most of the managed accounts provided by many institutions require that you pay product fees before you can invest in them. What my advice does not deal with? Being financial analysts is not a guarantee that all the advice I give will be inclusive of all your preferences market. Additionally, it is not an assurance that all the financial information I offer to you is what is required for investment in the money market. After clearing all your outstanding debts, and also sooner as you will get to settle, you will realize that you have much free money. You can make use of such free funds to pay for some of the recommended insurance products, or you can opt to save more with the managed funds to give you higher returns on your investments. I can provide you with more advice on how you can invest this funds but, this services will cost you more. In line with tax issues, my profession does not entail tax. Therefore, my advice concerning the same is limited. In specific situations, you are entitled to a deduction in tax due to premiums which you pay for income protection insurance. Instead, I would only refer you to a tax expert to assist you in matters related to this and any other tax issues. Concerning superannuation, my advice does not put into consideration whether you have sufficient superannuation to cater for your retirement. I can provide further advice concerning this but only at an extra charge. What are my fees? I will charge a fee of $1500 which includes (GST) as a cost for the advice I am offering and the preparation of the SOA. From these, I am gaining $900 while rest goes to the firm I work at. Please make sure that you make these payments in two weeks time after receiving the SOA. What commissions do I get? There are no commissions that I receive from the referrals I make to you on the management funds. In case you follow my advice, the issuers of the products for personal insurance pay commissions to the Plan for it. I only get a share from these commissions. Of great importance is the quality of the products that I have recommended for you. They fit your situation quite effectively and will be of great importance if you implement them to the letter. The payments by the different products differ from to another, and it all depends on with the quality of services received and the level of client satisfaction registered. However, you should take note that there are some other more suitable products that pay lower commissions. Other questions that you might have. Who is restricted to an approved product list? Experts and other advisers like me are who are under the direct jurisdiction by the Plan for it, are only allowed to recommend products on the Playford's product list. We have no freedom recommend other products not included on the list. This statement implies that, whenever I am preparing an SOA or offering advice at my authorized level of expertise, I only get to use the products present on the Playford's list. I get to ignore without giving credit to any of the other products present in the market. If you are interested, I can provide you with a list of products available at the Plan for it. This list of products is regularly checked and reviewed by a team of experts from the Plan for it research commission. Should I guarantee the managed funds that I recommend? Actually no. In respect to the law, my recommendations for you to invest in these managed funds should work appropriately for you. However, you should take keen note that I do not guarantee the performance of any of the managed funds. I have no effect on the outcome because managed funds are dependent on the market forces just as highlighted before. Can you make changes to your decisions? Interestingly yes, you can make changes even after you have made payments on the products I recommend for you. You are eligible to get your full money refund back if you are not happy with the products. This refund is effected two weeks after purchase in a program called (cooling off). The PDS provided alongside the products contain further information about the different products. Are there restrictive time limits on my advice? Yes. As a matter of fact, my advice follows regulations whereby it has expiry dates controlling it. By saying so, in case the expiry date is long overdue, you are not supposed to rely on it if you had not taken decisions to act on it. Is there security to your personal information? Undoubtedly yes. You get the assurance that all the personal information you had given to us remains top secret not unless you permit us to reveal it by writing or it is a requirement by law. Ongoing Service and Review Like any other project which has been invested in, it becomes crucial to review the progress of this retirement planning investment to determine whether it is on the right course. Reviewing enables the investors to make an investment decision on the kind of investment they should undertake (Gourville and Dilip, 2005, p. 388). Alternatively, it helps the investor to review the services already offered by the investment schemes and whether they are worth investing in. This involves analyzing the strengths, improvement and the collaborations undertaken by those schemes in the effort of improving their services in future (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2007). If the schemes have good future financial plans, then it will be a true indication of high returns in future. This builds high confidence among the investors who will in turn out a large number and avail their savings for investment. From the analysis of the likely financial investment, I encourage the investor to adhere to my advice and undertake this investment opportunity. Future personal financial planning is very fundamental as it helps the employees to cater for their welfare at the old age. The investor will have an enjoyable lifestyle and may also end up donating some of his investment income to the charitable organizations. However, these exorbitant incomes will only be realizable if the investor does the right review of the services being offered various retirement benefit schemes. Therefore, I advise Graham that upon reviewing the various services being offered by the different schemes in the money market he should follow my advice and advice as my opinions. This will enable to realize the costs of his investment. Overall Structure and Presentation of Superannuation and Retirement Advice A financial analyst and adviser have to come up with the overall structure on retirement planning advice (Agnus at. el, 2007, p. 114). This structure helps the investor to have clear focus which will help him or her in enjoying his or her future lifestyle. Again, the structure includes each aspect of the investor financial life. Additionally, it puts emphasis on risk prevention as well as assets and estate planning so that the advice seeker can have confidence that his or her financial future secure (Elton at el. 2006, p. 1300). Therefore, I provide the overall structure of the retirement advice as illustrated below: Scope Definition: In my advice, I have clearly indicted the scope of the retirement financial planning of Graham and his family. This has been achieved through providing the process that the investor needs to undertake to be able to identify his needs and meet them. Goals Identification: The goals and objectives of the investor are quite clear. The investor wants to engage in retirement planning investment to have a future which is financially secure. To develop this plan, Mr. Graham should determine his short and long-term financial goals. These goals should be analyzed to come into conclusion the amount funds which will be needed to accomplish each target. Financial Situation Assessment: Upon the analysis of the financial goals it important to assess the financial position. Here, I have considered various aspects such as tax requirements, investment in insurance cover, liabilities and assets. This helps in determining the net worth of the investor. Financial Plan Preparation: Provided that I have obtained the clear understanding of the Mr. Graham financial position as well as his financial objectives, I have provided in my advice the products and the services that he should go for. Implementation of the Recommendations: This is a critical area in the retirement planning investment (Ameriks, 2004, p. 103). This is because it is the point where the actualization of the suggested strategies and recommendations are one. Given that, I have offered my advice the investor go ahead and start his journey of investment for future benefits. Plan Review: Economy fluctuations are one of the most impactful factors of the interests in the money market (Lusardi, 2008, p. 45). Alternatively, it also affects the level of employment, income as the good spooning behavior of the consumers (Huberman and Jiang, 2006, p. 780). Therefore, it crucial to note the financial objectives, as well as the individual lifestyle, may change as the time elapses. Therefore, this calls for a continuous review of the financial plan to ensure that the investor is always on the right path. References Agnew, Julie R. and Lisa R. Szykman. 2005. Asset Allocation and Information Overload: The Influence of Information Display, Asset Choice, and Investor Experience. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 6 (2): 57-70. Agnew, Julie, 2002, Inefficient Choices in 401(k) Plans: Evidence from Individual Level Data, Presented at the 4th Annual Joint Conference for the Retirement Research Consortium Directions for Social Security Reform. May 2002, Washington, D.C. Agnew, Julie, Pierluigi Balduzzi, and Annika Sunden. 2003. Portfolio Choice and Trading in a Large 401(k) Plan, American Economic Review, 93(1): 193-215. Aguiar, Mark and Erik Hurst (2003), Consumption vs. Expenditure. Mimeo, Chicago Business School. Ameriks, John and Stephen P. Zeldes. 2004. How Do Household Portfolio Shares Vary with Age? TIAA-CREF working paper. Ameriks, John, Andrew Caplin and John Leahy. 2002. Retirement Consumption: Insights from a Survey. NBER Working Paper n. 8735. Ameriks, John, Andrew Caplin and John Leahy. 2003. Wealth Accumulation and the Propensity to Plan. Quarterly Journal of Economics 68: 1007-1047. Angus, John, William O. Brown, Janet Kiholm Smith, and Richard L. Smith. 2007. What's in Your 403(b)? Academic Retirement Plans and the Costs of under diversification. forthcoming, Financial Management. Benartzi, Shlomo and Richard H. Thaler. 2001. Nave Diversification Strategies in Defined Contribution Savings Plans. American Economic Review, 91(1): 79-98. Blake, Christopher R., Edwin J. Elton, and Martin J. Gruber. 1993. "The Performance of Bond Mutual Funds." Journal of Business, 66: 371-403. Bodie, Zvi and Jonathan Treussard. 2007. Making Investment Choices as Simple as Possible, but Not Simpler. 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Testing for Mean-variance Spanning with Short Sales Constraints and Transaction Costs: The Case of Emerging Markets. Journal of Finance, 56(2): 721-742. Elton, Edwin J., Martin J. Gruber, and Christopher R. Blake. 2006. "The Adequacy of Investment Choices Offered by 401K Plans." Journal of Public Economics, 90(6-7): 1299-1314. Ferruz, Luis, Luis Vincente, and Laura Andreu. 2007. The Importance of Asset Allocation in Spanish Equity Pension Plans. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance. Forthcoming. Gourville, John and Dilip Soman. 2005. Overchoice and Assortment Type: When and Why Variety Backfires. Marketing Science, 24 (summer): 382395. Hancock, John, 2002, Eighth Defined Contribution Plan Survey. John Hancock Financial Services, Boston: John Hancock. Huberman, Gur and Paul Sengmueller. 2004. Performance and Employer Stock in 401(k) Plans, Review of Finance, 8: 403-443. Huberman, Gur and Wei Jiang. 2006. Offering vs. Choices in 401(k) Plans: Equity Exposure and Number of Funds, Journal of Finance, XLI (2): 763-801. Huberman, Gur, Sheena Iyengar, and Wei Jiang. 2003. Defined Contribution Pension Plans: Determinants of Participation and Contribution Rates. Working paper, September 2003 draft. Columbia University. Iyengar, Sheena S., Gur Huberman, and Wei Jiang. 2004. "How Much Choice is Too Much? Contributions to 401(k) Retirement Plans. In Pension Design and Structure: New Lessons from Behavioral Finance, Lusardi, A. (2003). Planning and saving for retirement (Working Paper). Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. Retrieved September 15, 2009, from https://www.dartmouth.edu/~alusardi/Papers/ Lusardi_pdf.pdf Lusardi, A. (Ed.). (2008). Overcoming the saving slump: How to increase the effectiveness of financial education and saving programs. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Lusardi, A., Beeler, J. (2007). Saving between cohorts: The role of planning. In B. Madrian, O. Mitchell, B. Soldo (Eds.), Redefining retirement. How will boomers fare? (pp. 271295). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. (2007b). Financial literacy and retirement planning: New Evidence from the Rand American Life Panel. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. (2007c). Financial literacy and retirement preparedness. Evidence and implications for financial education. Business Economics, January, 3544. Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S. (2007a). Baby boomer retirement security: The role of planning, financial literacy, and housing wealth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54, 205224. Lusardi, A., Keller, P., Keller, A. (2008). New ways to make people save: A social marketing approach. In A. Lusardi (Ed.), Overcoming the saving slump: How to increase the effectiveness of financial education and saving programs (pp. 209-236). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Olivia S. Mitchell and Stephen P. Utkus, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 83-96. Karlsson, Anders, Massimo Massa, and Andrei Simonov. 2007. "Pension Portfolio Choice and Menu Exposure." In Redefining Retirement: How Will Boomers Fare? Potocnik, K., Tordera, N., Peir, J. M. (2013). Truly satisfied with your retirement or just resigned? Pathways toward different patterns of retirement satisfaction. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32(2), 164-187. Puri, M., Robinson, D. (2007). Optimism and economic choice. Journal of Financial Economics, 86(1), 71-99. The pursuit of Happiness, Inc. (2013, November 28). Positive psychology and the science of happiness. Retrieved from https://www.pursuit-of-happiness.org/science-ofhappiness/ The pursuit of Happiness, Inc. (2013, November 28). Positive psychology and the science of happiness. Retrieved from https://www.pursuit-of-happiness.org/science-ofhappiness/ Salisbury, D., Turyn, T., Helman, R. (2001). Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS), Minority RCS, and Small Employer Retirement Survey (SERS) (EBRI Issue Brief No. 234). Washington, DC: Employee Benefit Research Institute. Seligman, M. E. (2011). Learned optimism: How to change your mind and your life. New York, NY: Random House Digital, Inc. An introduction. American Psychologist, Seligman, M. E. (2012). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: 55(1), 5-14. Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410-421. Stango, V., Zinman, J. (2007). Fuzzy math and red ink: When the opportunity cost of consumption is not what it seems (Working Paper). Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., Alessie, R. (2007). Financial literacy and stock market participation (NBER Working Paper No.13565). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research Villamil, E., Huppert, F. A., Melzer, D. (2006). Low prevalence of depression and anxiety is linked to statutory retirement ages rather than personal work exit: A national survey. Psychological Medicine, 36(7), 999-1009. Wang, M. (2007). Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: Examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 455-474. Weber, K. (2012). Planning parallels with positive psychology. Bank Investment Consultant, 20(1), 21. Wolter Xiao, J. J. (2014). Money and happiness: Implications for investor behavior. In H. Kent Baker and Victor Ricciardi (eds.), Investor Behavior: The psychology of financial planning and investing (pp. 153-170). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Discuss the Significance of Binary Oppositions free essay sample

A Discussion of the Significance of Binary Oppositions in Hemingways Cat in the Rain Introduction Cat in the Rain is a short story by American author Ernest Hemingway, which was first published in 1925 as a part of the short story collection In Our Time. The story is about an American man and wife on vacation in Italy. In the biography Hemingways Cats, the author writes: [Cat in the Rain] was a tribute to Hadley (Hemingways wife), who was dealing with the first year of marriage, the loneliness it entailed, and her deep desire for motherhood. According to biographer Gioia Diliberto Hemingway based the story on an incident that happened in Rapallo in 1923. Hadley was two months pregnant when she found a kitten that had been hiding under a table in the rain. l want a cat, she [told Hemingway], l want a cat. I want a cat now. If I cant have hair or any fun I can have a cat. David Lodges analysis of Hemingways short story Cat in the Rain shows that this is a symmetrical story consisting of several binary oppositions such as husband and wife, manager and wife, maid and wife, husband and maid, etc. According to Cuddon Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, the term binary denotes composed of two, twofold; as in a binary star, one of a pair of stars held together by gravitation. Language, too, has countless binary oppositions: up/down; slow/fast; sense/nonsense; truth/falsehood; black/white; man/woman and so on. Binary opposition originated in Saussurean structuralist theory. According to Ferdinand de Saussure, the binary opposition is the means by which the units of language have value or meaning; each unit is defined in reciprocal determination with another term, as in binary code. It is not a contradictory relation but, a structural, complementary one. l In this essay, binary oppositions are discussed and analyzed under five categories: gender, symbol, characterization, action, and local color. (1 . Fogarty, S, 2005, The Literary Encyclopedia) Gender In this story, we can consider men and women as binary oppositions, especially by differentiating between George and his wife who are an American couple. As we can see in the story, in comparison to George, the wife is a weaker person; shes always new clothes) and shes not satisfied with the things she has. But in contrast, we see George lying down on the bed all the time, making himself busy with reading. George is indifferent to her wifes being sad, and instead of consoling her, understanding her or trying to find a solution for her problems, he Just continues lying down on the bed indifferently and going on reading and even when shes talking more about what makes her sad and what she wants, George insults her by telling her Oh, shut up and get something to read. The wife is a disturbed lonely woman that even her husband cant understand and help her. As a result when she receives respect, polite ehavior and understanding from the hotel keeper, its strange for her (and maybe new!!! Because her husband has never treated her like this) and she starts to like the hotel keeper. But as we all know, respecting the guests, understanding them and treating them politely is an inseparable part of being a hotel keeper if one wants to be a successful one. Symbol There are two kinds of symbols in the story; natural ones and artistic or cultural ones. The most important natural symbol is the cat. As we can see in the story, the wife is not satisfied with her life and with her appearance. Shes sad about having short hair and looking like a boy. She doesnt have anything in her life which can make her happy and give her an identity. So she tries to find something else on which she can hang. So we can imply that by helping the cat, she wants to think shes important and shes done something useful, so in this way she can feel good about herself. In another way, we can say that the cat is the symbol of fertility which is in contrast with the short hair that is the symbol of infertility. Maybe the wife is sterile, so by looking after a cat, she wants to satisfy her maternal emotions. Another natural symbol can be good weather which is in contrast with bad/rainy weather. Good weather is the symbol of serenity and shows that theres nothing wrong, but bad weather is the symbol of a bad situation when something is wrong. Rainy weather shows that the couples marital life is not in a good condition; they have a cold relationship with each other. The war monument is a cultural symbol in this story. The tourists, including the American couple, traveled a long way there to see the war monument, but we see here, the American couple doesnt care about the monument at all; George is always ying down on bed reading, and the wife is always thinking about what she doesnt have in life. Its ironical that they came this long way to see the war monument, but it is the only thing they dont care about. Inside/outside can be a binary opposition. George always wants to stay inside and never wants to leave the room. Inside can be a symbol of passivity. George is a passive character. But instead, the wife wants to go outside all the time; she wants to discover the unknown; shes curious about the world outside, so we can say shes an Characterization We can differentiate between the maid and the wife. The wife is apparently a caring person who even cares about lonely cats, but the maid, as we can see in the part in which shes surprised by the fact that the wife is actually looking for a cat and she even laughs about it, is not so caring; she doesnt think that a cat can be so important that a person goes after it in the rain. She may not even really care about the wife, because in the part she goes after the wife to take her an umbrella, it is mentioned in the story that Of course the hotel keeper had sent her. Or at the end, when the aid brings the wife a cat, she says, the padrone asked me to bring this for the Signora. So we can conclude that shes doing all this Just because of her Job tells her to do them. We can also differentiate between George and the hotel keeper. The hotel keeper is a responsible and active person. Hes so alert about his guests and their needs and wishes. Whenever he sees the wife, he stands up and bows to her as a sign of respect. He sends the maid to take an umbrella for the wife, although its not his Job to do that. At the end of the story, he sends the maid to take a cat for the wife; e could not do that, because it is not his responsibility to find a cat for her, but he did, because he cares about the wife. But in contrast, we see that the wifes own husband doesnt care about her; hes a passive and negligent person. Hes not doing anything more than reading and he doesnt do anything for her wife to relieve her. Action George is lying down reading all the time, but the wife is always moving from one place to the other (from the hotel room to the street and from there back to the hotel room, and even in the room, she goes to the dresser to see herself in the hand irror) and talking all the time (she talks to her husband, to the maid, to the hotel keeper). George is a passive character who doesnt do anything special in the story, but in contrast the wife is so active; shes always talking and going from somewhere to the other. She wants to do something all the time; (sometimes it is talking to other people, sometimes it is going out to find a cat) because shes not satisfied with her life, with her appearance and with the things she has. She wants to be different, to have different things; she wants to own something so she could feel important, atisfied and useful. Maybe shes fghting in a patriarchal society to prove her femininity. Local Color Theres a binary opposition here between Italian and English language and between Italian and American culture. The couple is American and they speak English, but the maid and the hotel keeper are Italians and they speak Italian most of the time; they can speak English, too. The American couple can speak a little Italian and sometimes respect each others language by speaking Italian sometime and speaking English at the other time. George is an American man whos negligent of his wife and the hotel eeper is an Italian man who respects women and cares about them to a great extent. As we can see in the story, many Italians came there to see the war monument, but the American couple doesnt care about it at all. Conclusion All the categories of binary oppositions which discussed here are deeply interrelated and directly or indirectly are aimed to magnify the man/woman binary opposition. So it can be concluded that the thematic core of the story is the opposition between man and woman and what Hemingway is trying to do is showing a couples problems in their married life by making use of some binary oppositions.

Research Paper on Failing Grades Essay Example

Research Paper on Failing Grades Paper Failing Grades, Research Paper A Survey on Failing Grades in School A Term Paper Presented to Mrs. Grace G. Cabahug Faculty, High School Department University of Cebu In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirement In English IV Submitted by: Kennon Kurt G. Tura Ian B. Simbra Lorenz Gayle P. Tolentino Algelou E. Taghoy 4 – Bronze S. Y. 2011 – 2012 Table of Contents Chapter I – The problem and its settings. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Statement of the hypothesis Scope and Delimitation Definition of Terms Methodology Chapter II – Body CHAPTER I Introduction about Failing Grades THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS. Statement of the Problem How does failing grades affect the students? What are the ways to prevent from getting failing grades? What are the effects of a failing grade to the parents? What is the role of the parents to avoid failing grades of their children? What are the causes of students failure? What is the role of the teachers towards their students? How can the school help solve the problem of academic failures? Significance of the Study Findings of the study will benefit the following. STUDENTS: Statement of the Hypothesis a. ) Having a failing grade is whats students are really afraid of. Its maybe because it affects the trust they have given for themselves especially when their parents expected a lot from them. They would have thought that he/she failed his/her parents. In same instance, it also affects their life in a good way. They would have thought that because they have failing grades, they need to strive harder to get grades next time. b. ) In order to prevent getting failing student should make their studies as their number one priority. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Failing Grades specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Failing Grades specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Failing Grades specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then students should set their goals in life which they really want to reach someday and make their family as an inspiration. With a goal and an inspiration, it will make them study harder and they will give their best to get higher grades. c. ) Parents are very happy when they know that their children are doing well in school but but when their child gets a failing grade they would feel sad and disappointed. Parents would ask their child of they have done something wrong that makes their child be irresponsible in school. . ) The parents plays a very important role in the school life of the students. The love and support of a parent is one of the factor that would that would help the students. When a student see the efforts of their parents to make them a better person, they would have a thought to make their parents feel that they are getting back the sacrifice theyve made. One of that is doing well in school. Scope and Delimitation CONTENT: This study contains information about the causes and effects of a students failing grades. Causes and Effects of Student Failure SUBJECT: In this study we conducted a survey and gave the same set of questions to twenty students who had failing grades in the second grading of the school year and twenty students who did not have failing grades. PLACE: This study was conducted to a certain group of students who are studying in the University of Cebu – Main Campus, High School Department. Definition of Terms Methodology Research Design: The information was gathered by using the survey method, by asking the same set of questions to the respondents. This questions are designed to contrast and discoverthe difference between the students who had failing grades and and to those students that did not have failing grades. In this method we will know what are the causes of students failing in school and why they are failing. Research Respondents: The respondents for this study are 4th year students of the high school department of the University of Cebu – Main Campus. Research Environment: University of Cebu is an educational institution located at Cebu City, Philippines. It was founded in 1964. As an institution of higher learning, the university is committed to an authentic education founded on the principles of humanity, nationalism and academic excellence. Research Instrument: In this study we will use questionnaires for the respondents to answer. Generally, ask the factors that makes a student fail and succeed in their studies. CHAPTER II BODY CHAPTER III SURVEY RESULTS CHAPTER IV APPENDIXES Letter requesting for permission to conduct this study on â€Å"students failing grades†. High School Department University of Cebu Cebu City Dear madam, We the senior high school students from the section bronze of the University of Cebu would like to ask permission from your good office that we be allowed to conduct a survey regards about the failing grades of students. This request is in connection with out English IV requirement. We are hoping for your kind approval. God bless. Respectfully yours, Kennon Kurt G. Tura ( Team Representative) Noted by: Mrs. Grace G. Cabahug (English Instructor) Mary Pluryle Bucol PRICIPAL (High School Department)

How to Write a Sample Ucas Essay

How to Write a Sample Ucas EssayWhether you are already working on your Ucas application or planning to do so, a sample Ucas essay can be an invaluable resource. Writing an essay isn't a difficult task for most people, and if you take a few minutes to learn how to write one, it will pay off in the long run.One of the first things that you'll notice about your essay is that the writing style will be different than other Ucas essays that you've seen before. Here are some tips for improving the style of your Ucas essay.First, you should decide on the topic of your essay. If you want to write an essay on life experience, talk about a particular event that happened to you in the past year.Then, you should figure out what you are trying to accomplish with your essay. This means you should figure out the topic, your objective, and what you want your readers to do after reading the essay.The next step will be to establish your objective. It's important to have something that you want your re aders to do after reading your essay. You should come up with a very specific goal that you want them to accomplish after reading your essay.Next, you should give a brief description of the setting, the moment, or the topic of your essay. Keep in mind that your readers will be focused on what you have to say, so give them a clear idea of what you have to say by giving them enough information so they will understand.Finally, make sure that you don't forget to include a conclusion. Just writing an 'end of chapter' is not enough because your readers will be checking out the rest of your essay after reading the sample Ucas essay.

buy custom Binge Drinking essay

buy custom Binge Drinking essay Binge drinking also referred to as heavy episodic drinking, refers to the heavy drinking of alcohol and alcoholic beverages over a short time period that eventually leads to intoxication. It could also refer to abstaining for alcohol over quite some time, then indulging in it over s time that has been set aside for the purpose of drinking (Warner, 2003). There has been no agreement whatsoever of the number of drinks that constitutes a binge because different people become intoxicated with different amounts of alcohol. History of binge drinking in the UK In the UK, binge drinking refers to the intake of twice the amount of alcohol that an individual normally drinks every day. The intake varies from men to women in that for men it is drinking more than eight units while for women it is drinking more than six units. According to Angela McShane, a lecturer of history at Warwick University in the UK, binge drinking started way back in the 17th century. The men who lived during this century could drink between six to eight pints of beer in a single day. This habit even got out of control at some point in the UK, especially during the English Civil War (Greenway, 2003). Drinking increased because it was a sign of political allegiance as well as a sign of defeat and so the losers sought comfort in drinking. She also says that after the death of King Charles I, and the heir to his throne absent as he was overseas, the royalists felt they had been defeated and therefore turned to drinking so that they could find solace there. Wine was there favorite then and from then on, they made it some sort of ritual through which they could express their allegiance to the Royal Crown. These loyalties even went to the extremes of cutting their bottoms, then mixing their blood with their wines and then proposing a toast and drinking to the health of their king. This practice was done in an ale house that was situated in Bedfordshire. King Charles II then came back from abroad in the 1660s and the drinking even became wilder. The loyalties to the throne drank themselves lame and if they thought that one did not drink as much wine as they were expectedto, then they were termed disloyal. With binge drinking violence came, and if there was anyone who declined a toast, they would be disciplined. The violence that came with drinking led to the deaths of many as they were involved in fights. They even coined the term saint Monday to indicate their inability to work, because they had indulged in alcohol after church on Sunday. In this light therefore, we can say that bingeing is far from a modern problem. There has been concern over binge drinking in the UK because in the recent years, it has been discovered that 40% of the alcohol that is taken by men is in the form of binging.in addition, the rate of female binge drinking is also on the rise. This notable rise in binge drinking can be attributed to four factors. The first is that manufacturers have come up with a wider range of alcoholic beverages that suits every taste and pocket. The second is that the concentrations of alcoholic beverages like beer and wine have also been increased (Measham and Brain, 2005). Alcohol has been given much advertisement and marketing, so much so that the culture of consumption of alcohol has now been adopted by people as it is a symbol of class and status. The last reason is that the drinking hubs are now portrayed as trendy places and people now flock in there to drink. Effects of binge drinking Binge drinking has become a concern in the public health sector. Binge drinkers are more often than not committing suicide, break the law, and neglect their obligations. It also has severe effects on the body, for example heart disease, blood pressure and even brain damage. Occasions associated with binge drinking Binge drinking is normally prevalent during the weekends when people come together after work. However, it has also been discovered that young people become binge drinkers during promotional nights. A good example is when fresh men are reporting to campus and so to usher them in, a party is thrown for them. Despite the fact that more positive images of the drinking of alcohol are being portrayed in the UK, binge drinking is still a problem. The law has not efficiently ttackled this problem even after having changed the licensing laws. Citizens of the UK do not still understand that binge drinking is harmful to them and to others. Most of them look at it as a way of having fun and good time, a time to socialize with people or even forget about their problems. A survey that was carried out in 1993 that binge drinkers comprised 42%. Out of this, only 24% of males and 33% of females acknowledged that binging was harmful to their health, and even made efforts to change (Greenway, 2003). In addition to this, many of the binge drinkers did not want to change as they preferred the positive experiences of binging, so that they do not mind about the negative experiences. Another side to this binging problem is that we cannot place the blame on the binge drinkers totally. The UK is known for having the longest average working day in the whole of Europe. Due to this, the workers feel pressured and so they take to drinking as a way of relaxation and even escape from these pressures. It is crystal clear that binge drinking is a problem and is costing the UK a lot of money. Solutions to it should be sought this early if there are changes that are expected to be seen. Some of the solutions include: the media should be encouraged to send clear messages about binging because all they are doing is sending mixed messages that encourage this type of drinking. Youngsters should also be encouraged to find alternative activities to occupy themselves with especially on Friday and Saturday nights. The government should also put laws in place to curb and control binging and also help bingers recover. In conclusion, binge drinking can be looked at as a sign of change in the relationship between work, leisure and consumption. The young people especially when faced with identity crisis find themselves through consumption. Studies in psychology also indicate that their consumption of alcohol is based on the need for satisfaction, incorporation and formation of identity (Measham and brain, 2005). Though they deem these behaviors as unacceptable, these people do see themselves as binge drinkers and so they do not make any effort to stop this habit. Buy custom Binge Drinking essay